Home > All News Items and Articles
12 September 2024
In this article in Al Jazeera, Somdeep Sen, a professor at Roskilde University, Denmark, brings the charge sheet against Israeli universities set out by Maya Wind in her Towers of Ivory and Steel right up to date.
Israeli academia is directly complicit in the crimes of the state
Israeli universities are not, and have never been, ‘neutral’ sites of open inquiry and should not be treated as such.
- Somdeep SenAssociate Professor of International Development Studies at Roskilde University
Published on 10 Sep 2024
“Politics should be kept out of academia!” This is how many in Western academia respond to calls from fellow professors and students for a boycott of Israeli academic institutions over their complicity in the country’s decades-long occupation of Palestinian territory, oppression of Palestinian people, and the ongoing genocidal war on Gaza.
They claim that universities are sites of “civil discourse”, “free speech” and “open inquiry”. And that participating in an academic boycott, especially over an issue as divisive as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, is simply not acceptable for any higher education institution that needs to be politically “neutral” to fulfil its function. Further, many outright deny Israeli academia’s complicity in the state’s crimes, saying it is unfair and unproductive to punish “independent” institutions of learning for the war crimes and violations of international law committed by their government.
There is, of course, so much to unpack and criticise in these arguments. In such a time of tragedy, amid a war the International Court of Justice (ICJ) judged to be a “plausible genocide”, it is perhaps futile and even inappropriate to investigate the naivete (or is it ignorance?) that informs the belief that universities are and should remain “neutral”. But after the official Palestinian death toll has surpassed the grim milestone of 40,000, with thousands still unaccounted for, and every single university in Gaza has been reduced to rubble with no end in sight for Israel’s war, there is significant use in interrogating the complicity of Israeli academia in the ongoing atrocities.
Censorship has been a weapon that Israeli universities have wielded systematically against those daring to speak up for Palestinian rights and against Israel’s excesses for many decades but especially since the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7.
One of the most prominent recent victims of this weapon has been Professor Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI). In mid-April this year she was arrested by the Israeli police for her criticism of Zionism and Israel’s ongoing genocidal campaign in Gaza.
For months before her arrest, Shalhoub-Kevorkian had been the target of a smear campaign, which aimed to depict her words and writings as an “incitement of violence” against the State of Israel. While this campaign was publicly led by Israeli authorities and the media, its roots can be traced back to Shalhoub-Kevorkian’s employer.
In late October last year, the HUJI leadership sent Shalhoub-Kevorkian a letter expressing their “shock, disgust and deep disappointment” over her decision to sign a petition calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and a political solution to the wider Israeli-Palestinian conflict that would end the occupation and apartheid. The letter stated that the president and rector were ashamed that university staff included the likes of Shalhoub-Kevorkian and that she should consider leaving her position at the institution. The leadership publicly distributed this letter and, in doing so, ramped up the public campaign against her.
In March, after Shalhoub-Kevorkian called for the abolition of Zionism during a TV interview, the leadership sent her a letter of suspension, in which it called her a national and international embarrassment, adding that HUJI is a “proud Israeli, public and Zionist institution”. The letter was once again made public and even sent directly to some members of the Knesset. Shalhoub-Kevorkian said the letter “fueled an incitement campaign that included dangerous and unprecedented threats” targeting her and her family.
More generally, silencing, doxing and disciplinary action against pro-Palestinian voices have been the order of the day at Israeli higher education institutions. Since October 7, addresses and pictures of the homes of Palestinian students at Israeli universities have been shared on social media. The Council for Higher Education has also required that Israeli universities and colleges “investigate all complaints” against students and faculty who make public statements that are perceived as sympathetic to organisations like Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad. Of course, more often than not, in this context, all expressions of solidarity with Palestine are perceived and treated as an incitement of violence against Israelis.
Besides silencing Israel’s critics, universities have been proactive in their attempts to nurture global support for Israel during its military campaign in Gaza. In the early days after October 7, the president of Tel Aviv University (TAU) published a statement declaring that TAU had “harnessed all its strength and abilities to support the nationwide efforts”. He went on to criticise those calling for a boycott of Israeli academic institutions and “certain leaders of academic institutions” abroad who had failed to shut down Boycott Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) campaigns. Against this background, he said TAU had added “media outreach” to its efforts and that students were being recruited to “operate in the social networks, to refute the terrible lies that might influence naïve, unknowing audiences who are unaware of what our enemy has done to us”.
Less than a week after this statement, international students at TAU launched a social media task force in solidarity with Israel. Students running the initiative said that they were committed to “disseminating truthful information and fact-based information”, claiming that Israel was fighting “a war of humanity against terrorism, of good versus evil”
The University of Haifa has also vehemently supported Israeli forces and their assault on Gaza. It mobilised fundraising campaigns, which included providing financial support to its “student soldiers” on the front lines. The university has donated bulletproof vests to special forces. Like TAU, the University of Haifa also set up an initiative to drum up support for Israel. The campaign’s aim was to convince international audiences that any criticism of Israel’s war effort in Gaza is unjust and that those advocating for Palestinian rights are either misinformed or pro-terror. As part of this campaign, the university put out a “series of multi-language videos” featuring its students and faculty members to set the “record straight” about October 7. Most videos simply repeat Israeli government talking points, including claims that pro-Palestine activism is in fact pro-Hamas and that the slogan “From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free” is a call for a second Holocaust against the Jewish people.
The University of Haifa leadership has also been at the forefront of the Israeli campaign to counter the BDS movement and the international efforts to initiate a boycott of Israeli academic institutions. In June this year, the current rector, Professor Mouna Maroun, joined forces with other academics from Haifa, the Weizmann Institute of Science, and HUJI, and published an article in Nature arguing that boycotting Israel academia would be counterproductive because it overlooks students and faculty who “identify as Arab or Palestinian”, ignores Israeli academia’s “proven record of supporting human rights and challenging government policies” and “undermines efforts to promote inclusivity” within the Israeli scientific community.
Of course, none of this is true. As anthropologist Maya Wind’s authoritative book Towers of Ivory and Steel reveals, Israeli universities have long contributed to Palestinian oppression. “Academic disciplines, degree programs, campus infrastructure, and research laboratories all service Israeli occupation and apartheid, while universities violate the rights of Palestinians to education, stifle critical scholarship, and violently repress student dissent.”
Now, more than ever, there is a growing awareness of this role of Israeli academia. As the Israeli atrocities in Gaza are streamed live on social media feeds all across the world, and Israeli universities position themselves as the foremost defenders and facilitators of this war, the argument that academia is neutral and independent is losing ground. And Israeli authorities are on high alert.
In April, the Israeli Innovation, Science and Technology Ministry published a report showing that there was a “sharp decrease in willingness” to cooperate with Israeli academia. According to the report, the boycott efforts primarily but not exclusively affected “research in the fields of medicine, biology, physics, space and computer science”. Minister of Innovation, Science, and Technology Gila Gamliel instructed the ministry officials to formulate strategies to counter the boycott. Notably, Gamliel was the minister of intelligence until mid-March this year.
For now, as Israel continues its campaign in Gaza with impunity, it seems that the surge of boycotts will also continue. In fact, a recent ICJ ruling suggests that BDS against Israel, including its higher education institutions, is not only an option but an obligation given that Israel illegally occupies Palestinian territory and “practices apartheid and racial segregation”. The court said it is the duty of all states to venture to end these unlawful practices “by cutting off all economic, trade and investment relations with Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory”.
Israeli institutions of course still have some loyal friends in academia, such as the German Max Planck Society. The society president, Patrick Cramer, led a solidarity trip to Israel in December in response to the boycott campaign. But it may soon be impossible for Israeli authorities to reverse the global push to isolate the country’s academia.
The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera’s editorial stance.
- Somdeep SenAssociate Professor of International Development Studies at Roskilde UniversitySomdeep Sen is Associate Professor of International Development Studies at Roskilde University in Denmark. He is the author of Decolonizing Palestine: Hamas between the Anticolonial and the Postcolonial (Cornell University Press, 2020).
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
ivermectin skin rash: IverCare Pharmacy – IverCare Pharmacy
https://swertewin.life/# Swerte99 casino walang deposit bonus para sa Pinoy
Kazino bonuslar? 2025 Az?rbaycan: Pinco il? real pul qazan – Yeni az?rbaycan kazino sayt?
Etibarl? onlayn kazino Az?rbaycanda [url=https://pinwinaz.pro/#]Qeydiyyat bonusu Pinco casino[/url] Onlayn kazino Az?rbaycan
Situs togel online terpercaya: Link alternatif Abutogel – Situs togel online terpercaya
Rut ti?n nhanh GK88: Ca cu?c tr?c tuy?n GK88 – Rut ti?n nhanh GK88
Jollibet online sabong: jollibet app – jollibet casino
https://mandiwinindo.site/# Bonus new member 100% Mandiribet
Jiliko casino walang deposit bonus para sa Pinoy: maglaro ng Jiliko online sa Pilipinas – Jiliko login
Jiliko login: Jiliko login – Jiliko casino
Qeydiyyat bonusu Pinco casino: Yeni az?rbaycan kazino sayti – Uduslari tez çixar Pinco il?
Jiliko [url=https://jilwin.pro/#]Jiliko casino[/url] Jiliko login
Pinco il? real pul qazan: Pinco kazino – Uduslar? tez c?xar Pinco il?
jollibet login: 1winphili – jollibet login
Jiliko: Jiliko app – Jiliko login
Promo slot gacor hari ini [url=https://betawinindo.top/#]Promo slot gacor hari ini[/url] Login Beta138
https://pinwinaz.pro/# Slot oyunlar? Pinco-da
Jiliko slots: jilwin – maglaro ng Jiliko online sa Pilipinas
jollibet login: Online casino Jollibet Philippines – jollibet login
Online casino Jollibet Philippines: jollibet casino – 1winphili
1winphili: Online gambling platform Jollibet – Online casino Jollibet Philippines
Live casino Indonesia: Login Beta138 – Bandar bola resmi
jollibet app [url=https://1winphili.company/#]jollibet casino[/url] jollibet
https://swertewin.life/# Swerte99 app
Online casino Jollibet Philippines: jollibet casino – Online betting Philippines
Khuy?n mai GK88: Link vao GK88 m?i nh?t – Tro choi n? hu GK88
Link alternatif Beta138: Withdraw cepat Beta138 – Withdraw cepat Beta138
maglaro ng Jiliko online sa Pilipinas: Jiliko app – jilwin
Slot jackpot terbesar Indonesia [url=https://mandiwinindo.site/#]Situs judi online terpercaya Indonesia[/url] Mandiribet
Jiliko: Jiliko casino – Jiliko slots
1winphili: jollibet – jollibet
Jiliko login: Jiliko app – jilwin
Swerte99 online gaming Pilipinas: Swerte99 bonus – Swerte99 online gaming Pilipinas
https://mandiwinindo.site/# Slot gacor hari ini
maglaro ng Jiliko online sa Pilipinas [url=https://jilwin.pro/#]Jiliko casino walang deposit bonus para sa Pinoy[/url] Jiliko bonus
Swerte99 bonus: Swerte99 casino walang deposit bonus para sa Pinoy – Swerte99 app
Swerte99 casino walang deposit bonus para sa Pinoy: Swerte99 casino walang deposit bonus para sa Pinoy – Swerte99 online gaming Pilipinas
Live casino Mandiribet: Situs judi online terpercaya Indonesia – Slot gacor hari ini
Jiliko casino walang deposit bonus para sa Pinoy [url=https://jilwin.pro/#]Jiliko[/url] Jiliko app
Mexican Pharmacy Hub: Mexican Pharmacy Hub – Mexican Pharmacy Hub
MediDirect USA: MediDirect USA – MediDirect USA
https://medidirectusa.com/# MediDirect USA
india pharmacy [url=https://indianmedsone.shop/#]pharmacy website india[/url] india pharmacy
tadalafil mexico pharmacy: Mexican Pharmacy Hub – Mexican Pharmacy Hub
MediDirect USA: MediDirect USA – MediDirect USA
MediDirect USA: MediDirect USA – buy tetracycline online pharmacy
MediDirect USA: MediDirect USA – rx specialty pharmacy
Mexican Pharmacy Hub [url=https://mexicanpharmacyhub.com/#]Mexican Pharmacy Hub[/url] Mexican Pharmacy Hub
Online medicine order: Indian Meds One – Online medicine home delivery
http://indianmedsone.com/# top 10 pharmacies in india
Online medicine home delivery: best india pharmacy – Indian Meds One
Mexican Pharmacy Hub: buy meds from mexican pharmacy – Mexican Pharmacy Hub
online pharmacy india: Indian Meds One – world pharmacy india
trusted mexican pharmacy: Mexican Pharmacy Hub – Mexican Pharmacy Hub
pharmacy online free shipping [url=https://medidirectusa.com/#]MediDirect USA[/url] MediDirect USA
Mexican Pharmacy Hub: legit mexico pharmacy shipping to USA – legit mexican pharmacy without prescription
https://medidirectusa.com/# all in one pharmacy
cheapest online pharmacy india: top 10 online pharmacy in india – Indian Meds One
Indian Meds One: indian pharmacy paypal – Indian Meds One
MediDirect USA: Prometrium – MediDirect USA
rybelsus from mexican pharmacy [url=https://mexicanpharmacyhub.shop/#]legit mexican pharmacy without prescription[/url] Mexican Pharmacy Hub
Mexican Pharmacy Hub: Mexican Pharmacy Hub – Mexican Pharmacy Hub
Indian Meds One: Indian Meds One – reputable indian online pharmacy
Mexican Pharmacy Hub: Mexican Pharmacy Hub – Mexican Pharmacy Hub
accutane mexico buy online [url=https://mexicanpharmacyhub.com/#]Mexican Pharmacy Hub[/url] Mexican Pharmacy Hub
Indian Meds One: best online pharmacy india – reputable indian pharmacies
https://mexicanpharmacyhub.com/# medication from mexico pharmacy
reputable indian pharmacies: top 10 online pharmacy in india – Indian Meds One
4 corners pharmacy flovent: guardian pharmacy propecia – MediDirect USA
Mexican Pharmacy Hub [url=https://mexicanpharmacyhub.shop/#]Mexican Pharmacy Hub[/url] trusted mexico pharmacy with US shipping
Mexican Pharmacy Hub: Mexican Pharmacy Hub – real mexican pharmacy USA shipping
rx pharmacy phone number: the online pharmacy – elevit online pharmacy
how much does viagra cost in a pharmacy: rx pharmacy shop – MediDirect USA
online pharmacy india: п»їlegitimate online pharmacies india – online pharmacy india
MediDirect USA: MediDirect USA – pharmacy cost of viagra
https://medidirectusa.shop/# tesco pharmacy selling viagra
pharmacy website india [url=https://indianmedsone.shop/#]Indian Meds One[/url] cheapest online pharmacy india
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you. https://www.binance.info/en-IN/register?ref=UM6SMJM3
mexico drug stores pharmacies: medication from mexico pharmacy – Mexican Pharmacy Hub
india online pharmacy: Indian Meds One – india pharmacy
generic cialis best pharmacy: MediDirect USA – buy ambien online us pharmacy
Indian Meds One [url=https://indianmedsone.com/#]Indian Meds One[/url] Indian Meds One
MediDirect USA: pharmacy book store – MediDirect USA
buy antibiotics from mexico: rybelsus from mexican pharmacy – Mexican Pharmacy Hub
wedgewood pharmacy tacrolimus: MediDirect USA – target pharmacy montelukast
https://tadalify.com/# cialis premature ejaculation
Tadalify: what is cialis prescribed for – cialis and melanoma
Tadalify: how long does it take cialis to start working – Tadalify
SildenaPeak: SildenaPeak – sildenafil 20mg coupon discount
ED treatment without doctor visits [url=http://kamameds.com/#]Sildenafil oral jelly fast absorption effect[/url] Kamagra oral jelly USA availability
Safe access to generic ED medication: Fast-acting ED solution with discreet packaging – Online sources for Kamagra in the United States
Kamagra reviews from US customers: KamaMeds – KamaMeds
https://kamameds.shop/# Compare Kamagra with branded alternatives
buy sildenafil paypal [url=https://sildenapeak.shop/#]how to order viagra pills[/url] SildenaPeak
Online sources for Kamagra in the United States: ED treatment without doctor visits – Compare Kamagra with branded alternatives
can you buy sildenafil: over the counter sildenafil – SildenaPeak
Fast-acting ED solution with discreet packaging: Men’s sexual health solutions online – Men’s sexual health solutions online
is there a generic cialis available in the us [url=http://tadalify.com/#]Tadalify[/url] cialis buy online
SildenaPeak: SildenaPeak – SildenaPeak
SildenaPeak: viagra online pfizer – SildenaPeak
Fast-acting ED solution with discreet packaging: Safe access to generic ED medication – Affordable sildenafil citrate tablets for men
https://kamameds.com/# Compare Kamagra with branded alternatives
Affordable sildenafil citrate tablets for men: Non-prescription ED tablets discreetly shipped – KamaMeds
sildenafil 25 mg [url=https://sildenapeak.com/#]SildenaPeak[/url] sildenafil canada where to buy
SildenaPeak: SildenaPeak – SildenaPeak
can you buy viagra over the counter in europe: SildenaPeak – SildenaPeak
SildenaPeak: SildenaPeak – SildenaPeak
Kamagra reviews from US customers [url=http://kamameds.com/#]Compare Kamagra with branded alternatives[/url] Kamagra oral jelly USA availability
buy sildenafil in mexico: best generic viagra brand – generic viagra online mexico
KamaMeds: Kamagra oral jelly USA availability – ED treatment without doctor visits
http://kamameds.com/# Sildenafil oral jelly fast absorption effect
Kamagra oral jelly USA availability: ED treatment without doctor visits – ED treatment without doctor visits
Kamagra reviews from US customers: Men’s sexual health solutions online – Kamagra reviews from US customers
Non-prescription ED tablets discreetly shipped: Kamagra reviews from US customers – Safe access to generic ED medication
Kamagra oral jelly USA availability [url=https://kamameds.shop/#]KamaMeds[/url] Men’s sexual health solutions online
ED treatment without doctor visits: Non-prescription ED tablets discreetly shipped – Compare Kamagra with branded alternatives
Men’s sexual health solutions online: Kamagra reviews from US customers – Online sources for Kamagra in the United States
SildenaPeak: SildenaPeak – viagra cheap canadian pharmacy
http://kamameds.com/# Online sources for Kamagra in the United States
Sildenafil oral jelly fast absorption effect [url=http://kamameds.com/#]Fast-acting ED solution with discreet packaging[/url] Online sources for Kamagra in the United States
KamaMeds: KamaMeds – ED treatment without doctor visits
Non-prescription ED tablets discreetly shipped: Non-prescription ED tablets discreetly shipped – Men’s sexual health solutions online
ED treatment without doctor visits: Men’s sexual health solutions online – KamaMeds
Tadalify: Tadalify – cialis 5mg daily how long before it works
viagra dosage [url=https://sildenapeak.shop/#]cost of viagra 50mg[/url] viagra 100 price
SildenaPeak: side effects of viagra – SildenaPeak
http://tadalify.com/# tadalafil canada is it safe
cialis and grapefruit enhance: Tadalify – best price cialis supper active
where to buy real viagra: SildenaPeak – SildenaPeak
Non-prescription ED tablets discreetly shipped [url=http://kamameds.com/#]Fast-acting ED solution with discreet packaging[/url] Men’s sexual health solutions online
Tadalify: Tadalify – cialis 50mg
ED treatment without doctor visits: Kamagra oral jelly USA availability – Kamagra oral jelly USA availability
Men’s sexual health solutions online: Online sources for Kamagra in the United States – Non-prescription ED tablets discreetly shipped
https://clearmedspharm.shop/# antibiotics over the counter
ed drugs online: VitalCore – VitalCore
ed pills: VitalCore – ed pills
TrueMeds Pharmacy [url=https://truemedspharm.com/#]legitimate online pharmacy usa[/url] TrueMeds Pharmacy
https://vitalcorepharm.com/# online erectile dysfunction
buy antibiotics for tooth infection: buy antibiotics online for uti – ClearMeds Pharmacy
ClearMeds: buy antibiotics online – buy antibiotics online for uti
http://clearmedspharm.com/# cheap antibiotics
buy antibiotics online [url=http://clearmedspharm.com/#]buy antibiotics for tooth infection[/url] ClearMeds
I do not even know how I finished up here, but I believed this publish used to be great. I do not recognize who you might be but certainly you are going to a famous blogger when you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
VitalCore: ed pills – ed pills
buy ed meds online: ed pills – VitalCore Pharmacy
https://vitalcorepharm.com/# VitalCore Pharmacy
VitalCore [url=https://vitalcorepharm.shop/#]VitalCore[/url] ed pills
best online foreign pharmacies: TrueMeds – mail order pharmacy india
https://truemedspharm.com/# TrueMeds
buy antibiotics for tooth infection: cheap antibiotics – ClearMeds
TrueMeds [url=https://truemedspharm.com/#]best online pharmacy for viagra[/url] best canadian online pharmacy
https://truemedspharm.com/# TrueMeds Pharmacy
ed pills: VitalCore Pharmacy – ed pills
VitalCore Pharmacy: VitalCore Pharmacy – VitalCore
online pharmacy canada [url=https://truemedspharm.com/#]TrueMeds Pharmacy[/url] TrueMeds
http://clearmedspharm.com/# buy antibiotics
Howdy would you mind letting me know which webhost you’re working with? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different web browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot faster then most. Can you recommend a good web hosting provider at a fair price? Thanks, I appreciate it!
I have seen a great deal of useful factors on your website about personal computers. However, I have the thoughts and opinions that laptop computers are still not quite powerful sufficiently to be a good choice if you frequently do things that require a lot of power, for example video enhancing. But for world-wide-web surfing, microsoft word processing, and most other common computer work they are okay, provided you do not mind the tiny screen size. Thank you sharing your notions.
VitalCore Pharmacy: ed pills – erectile dysfunction online prescription
ClearMeds Pharmacy: buy antibiotics –
http://truemedspharm.com/# online pharmacy search
tadalafil 20 mg en ligne [url=https://intimapharmafrance.shop/#]tadalafil prix[/url] tadalafil 20 mg en ligne
https://pharmalibrefrance.com/# kamagra
viagra homme: sildenafil citrate 100 mg – viagra femme
BluePharma France: BluePharma France – viagra 100 mg prix abordable France
PharmaExpress France [url=http://pharmaexpressfrance.com/#]pharmacie en ligne sans ordonnance[/url] pharmacie en ligne france livraison belgique
Pharma Libre: PharmaLibre – kamagra en ligne France sans ordonnance
https://pharmaexpressfrance.shop/# pharmacie en ligne fiable
tadalafil sans ordonnance: Pharmacie en ligne livraison Europe – médicament contre la dysfonction érectile
acheter medicaments en ligne pas cher [url=https://pharmaexpressfrance.shop/#]PharmaExpress[/url] pharmacie en ligne france livraison belgique
BluePharma: viagra homme – viagra 100 mg prix abordable France
viagra femme [url=https://bluepharmafrance.com/#]sildenafil citrate 100 mg[/url] BluePharma
pharmacie digitale francaise fiable: medicaments generiques et originaux France – vente de mГ©dicament en ligne
https://pharmalibrefrance.com/# kamagra oral jelly
https://intimapharmafrance.com/# cialis original et generique livraison rapide
Hello are using WordPress for your site platform? I’m new to the blog world but I’m trying to get started and create my own. Do you need any html coding expertise to make your own blog? Any help would be really appreciated!
viagra en ligne France sans ordonnance [url=https://bluepharmafrance.shop/#]Viagra sans ordonnance livraison 48h[/url] viagra generique efficace
commander cialis discretement: commander cialis discretement – Pharmacie en ligne livraison Europe
http://intimapharmafrance.com/# Intima Pharma
commander cialis discretement [url=https://intimapharmafrance.shop/#]pharmacies en ligne certifiГ©es[/url] cialis original et generique livraison rapide
pharmacie en ligne sans ordonnance: commander medicaments livraison rapide – pharmacie en ligne france livraison belgique
https://bluepharmafrance.shop/# viagra femme
https://bluepharmafrance.com/# sildenafil citrate 100 mg
https://linklist.bio/kratonbet777# kratonbet alternatif
п»їshop apotheke gutschein [url=https://potenzapothekede.shop/#]tadalafil erfahrungen deutschland[/url] tadalafil erfahrungen deutschland